Interactive Analysis of Phosphine (PH₃)
An exploration of its chemical properties, calculation, and critical safety information.
Mass of 3.81 moles of Phosphine
130 g
(Rounded to three significant figures from 129.56 g)
This application provides a comprehensive look at phosphine ($PH_3$), starting with the answer to the core quantitative question. Use the navigation above to explore the detailed calculation, understand the compound’s chemical profile, and review its critical applications and associated dangers.
The Calculation Explained
Interactively step through the process of finding the mass of phosphine.
Molar Mass Calculation ($PH_3$)
The first step is to find the molar mass by summing the atomic masses of one Phosphorus (P) atom and three Hydrogen (H) atoms. Click the button to see the calculation unfold.
Atomic Mass Composition
This chart visualizes the contribution of each element to the total molar mass of phosphine.
Chemical Profile
Explore the fundamental properties of phosphine.
Key Physical Properties
- State Gas
- Appearance Colorless
- Odor (Technical Grade) Garlic / Rotting Fish
- Density Heavier than air
- Flammability Spontaneously ignites
- Water Solubility Slightly soluble
Molecular Structure
Trigonal Pyramidal
Phosphine has a central phosphorus atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, with a lone pair of electrons on the phosphorus atom, creating this pyramid-like shape.
Safety & Applications
Understanding the dual nature of phosphine: its utility and its extreme danger.
Industrial & Agricultural Uses
-
✓Fumigant: Widely used to protect stored grains and foods from pests like insects and rodents.
-
✓Microelectronics: Used as a phosphorus source (dopant) to create n-type semiconductors for computer chips.
-
✓Chemical Synthesis: Acts as a precursor in the production of various organophosphorus compounds.
Emerging Challenge
A growing number of insect species are developing resistance to phosphine, posing a significant threat to global food security.
Toxicity & Dangers
-
☠Highly Toxic: A potent respiratory poison that can be fatal upon inhalation, even at low concentrations.
-
☠Heavier Than Air: Gas sinks and accumulates in low-lying, poorly ventilated areas (basements, silos), creating invisible, high-concentration pockets.
-
☠Symptoms: Exposure can cause nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, and pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs).
IDLH Value
Considered Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health at just 50 ppm.
